Welcome to Camp Repair’s RV Nomenclature series, where we break down everything you need to know to become a savvy RV owner. Whether you're a seasoned road warrior or just starting your journey, understanding the ins and outs of RV classifications will help you make the best choices for your travels. Let’s dive into the essential details that ensure your RV adventures are safe, legal, and worry-free.

Introduction

A recreational vehicle (RV) is defined as a motorized or towable vehicle that combines transportation with temporary living quarters for travel, recreation, and camping. RVs are sold by recreational vehicle dealers. It's important to note that the following are NOT considered RVs: mobile homes, off-road vehicles, snowmobiles, and conversion vehicles.

For an RV to function as a mobile living space, several key systems are required. These include the power system, plumbing systems, heating and cooling systems, and entertainment options.

Power System

The power system in an RV traditionally includes electricity and propane, with generators and solar power gaining popularity more recently. Let’s break down the components:

Electrical System →

The electrical system in an RV is comprised of both a 120VAC shore power connection and a 12VDC battery system. The 120VAC shore power connects the RV to external power sources, like those found at campgrounds, and powers appliances such as air conditioners, microwaves, and water heaters. The 12VDC system, powered by batteries, runs essential items like trailer brakes, lighting, and water pumps. An inverter converts the 12VDC power into 120VAC for smaller appliances when shore power isn’t available. A converter is sometimes used to charge the batteries when connected to shore power. (For a complete list of RV appliances and their power requirements, check out our chapter on RV Electrical Systems.)

Propane (LP) Gas System →

The propane system, often referred to as the LP gas system, includes DOT cylinders or ASME tanks, two-stage regulators, gas relief valves, gas detectors, and copper pipes. This system provides a secondary option for water heaters and furnaces and powers stoves and outdoor grills. (To learn more about propane in RVs, check out our chapter on LP Gas Systems.)

Generators →

Generators are an optional accessory in RVs, though they are known for being loud and are not allowed in many campgrounds. However, they are useful for boondocking (dry camping without hookups), as they can power the entire RV, albeit not all systems simultaneously. The generator connects to the RV’s electrical system through a transfer switch that directs power to the circuit breakers. (If you want to learn more about generator maintenance, check out our chapter on Generators)

Solar Power →

Solar systems are becoming increasingly popular in RVs. They typically include solar panels, an entry gland (combiner box), a high-voltage cutoff, a solar charge controller, a solar controller fuse, a DC positive bus, a DC positive disconnect, a main battery fuse, and a battery bank. These components work together to provide a renewable source of power for the RV, reducing the need for shore power or generators.

Plumbing Systems

The plumbing system in an RV is split into two primary subsystems: the water distribution system and the wastewater drainage system. Additionally, there are holding tanks that store fresh and waste water.

Water Distribution System →

The RV plumbing for water distribution involves a network of pipes and fittings designed to supply water to various fixtures and appliances inside the vehicle. The system must comply with NFPA 1192 standards. There are three types of water systems:

The size and material of the piping used in these systems vary based on the number of fixtures and the needs of the RV (lightweight, weatherproof, flexible, etc.). Fixtures like faucets and shower heads are typically inexpensive and can be replaced as needed. Plumbing appliances include toilets, showers, and sinks.

Wastewater Drainage System →

The drainage system includes traps, drainage slopes, securing mechanisms, and venting:

• Traps are plumbing fittings designed to prevent sewer gases from escaping into the RV.

• Drainage piping must be installed with a slope towards the holding tanks or main drains to ensure proper flow. The minimum allowable slope is 1/8” per foot.

• Piping must be secured every 4 feet to prevent movement.

• Venting is essential to prevent the buildup of sewer gases and ensure proper drainage.

• Holding Tanks: RVs typically have three holding tanks: fresh water, grey water, and black water.

The holding tanks are an essential part of RV life, though managing them is often considered one of the less glamorous aspects of RV living.

Heating and Cooling Systems →

For simplicity, the heating and cooling systems are grouped together, though they are distinct systems.

• Heating System: The heating system typically includes a furnace, thermostat, and ducting. Furnaces are commonly powered by LP gas, though electronic furnaces (or fireplaces) are becoming more popular as RVs move away from LP gas.

• Cooling System: The cooling system includes an air conditioner, thermostat, and ducting. Air conditioners typically run on the 120VAC system, though 50VDC air conditioners are also available. Fans, usually powered by 12VDC, can also be used to cool the RV and circulate air.

Most of the time, these systems share a thermostat.

Entertainment Systems →

The entertainment systems in an RV are optional but significantly enhance the overall experience:

• Audio Systems: RVs often come with built-in radio and speaker systems, with more advanced setups offering Bluetooth connectivity and surround sound.

• Television and Media: Many RVs are equipped with television mounts, cable or satellite hookups, and streaming devices like Roku or Amazon Fire Stick. Satellite dishes and antennas enable TV reception in remote locations.

• Outdoor Entertainment: Some RVs feature external speakers and weatherproof TVs, perfect for outdoor activities. Outdoor kitchens and grills also enhance the outdoor experience.

• Internet Connectivity: Wi-Fi boosters, mobile routers, and mobile data plans ensure consistent internet access, making it easy to stay connected and stream content while on the road.

With these systems combined, an RV becomes a fully functional home on wheels, offering the conveniences of modern living while allowing travelers to explore and enjoy the great outdoors. Whether you’re preparing meals in the kitchen, taking a hot shower, or relaxing with a movie, the systems in your RV are designed to provide comfort and ease during your adventures.

At Camp Repair, we're dedicated to making your RV lifestyle as smooth and enjoyable as possible. From understanding legal requirements to choosing the right RV for your needs, we’re here to help every step of the way. Stay tuned for more insights and tips, and remember—wherever the road takes you, Camp Repair has you covered. Safe travels, and happy camping!